The proliferation of open-source large language models has not only democratized AI access but also unleashed a new phase of asymmetric threat dynamics. Where once state actors and well-resourced criminal syndicates held a monopoly on advanced technological capabilities, today’s non-state actors—particularly terrorist organizations—have found in open-source LLMs

It’s a seductive idea: the super-rich, hoarding billions, are asked to contribute a portion of their fortune, and in return, the poor are lifted out of destitution. The logic is simple, the moral clarity undeniable. Yet in practice, this notion unravels not from moral failure, but from the sheer

I. Introduction: The "Fake Fact" Problem I want to start with a concrete example of something that has happened across the world in the age of Large Language Models (LLMs): an outright fabrication in a high-stakes context. Consider the 2023 case of lawyers Mata v. Avianca, where ChatGPT-fabricated

Update: This is a critique of this author's article and an exploration of why diagnosing African political culture with "cliché lists" often just replaces one set of simplifications with another There is a certain purity to the intellectual impulse. When an observer identifies a set of

A constant debate defines our public square: it feels like a choice between two swords. On one side, advocates of the ballot box, voting rights, and Western models. On the other, champions of the state, collective action, and Eastern philosophies. We are told democracy is a choice of people, while